I . TOO / ENOUGH : Quá … không thể … *S + Be + TOO + ADJ + ( for +O ) + To + V . * S+ V + TOO +ADV + ( for+ O ) + To + V . *S+ Be +( NOT ) + ENOUGH + ADJ+ ( for + O ) + To + V . Đủ … để *S+ V + (NOT ) + ENOUGH+ ADV + ( for + O ) + To +V. II. So ……That : Such …….That : Quá ……….đến nỗi mà ……. *SO + ADJ / ADV + That + Clause . *SUCH + ( a , an ) + ADJ + N + That Clause . III. REFLECTIVE PRONOUNS : Đại từ phản thân I -> Myself We -> Ourselves You -> Yourself / yourselves They -> Themselves She -> Herself He -> Himself It -> Itself IV . MODAL VERBS : Động từ kiếm khuyết S + MODAL VERBS ( not ) + Vinf without “To ” Can Could Should May Might Must Ought to : nên Had better: nên Would V. USED TO / BE USED TO 1.S + USED TO + V : Đã từng làm gì trong quá khứ 2. S + BE USED TO + VING / N : Quen ( trở nên quen ) làm gì đó VI . DEMANDs : CÂU RA LỆNH * V + ( Please ) . * DON’T + V + ( Please ) VII . REPORTED SPEECH : Câu tường thuật 1.Polite requests – “ CAN / COULD / WOULD / WILL + YOU + ( Please ) + Vinf ……? ” – “ V + Please ”. – “ DON’T + V + Please ” ->Reported speech : S + ASKED + O + ( not ) + to + V. TOLD REQUESTED 2. Advice :Lời khuyên “ S + should / ought to / had better (not ) ………..” ->REPORTED SPEECH – S + Advised + O + (not ) to V. – S + Said ( to O ) That S (o ) should / ought to / had better…. VII. So as / In order for purpose :Chỉ mục đích So as ( not ) to V = In order ( not ) to V : Để ( không ) VIII . GERUNDS . Danh động từ S + V + GERUND(Ving). Love Like ( Dislike ) Enjoy Hate Prefer Start( Begin) Stop / Finish Practice Remember : nhớ đã làm gì trong qkhứ Try : thử # Try + to V : cố gắng Mind : phiền lòng IX . Passive voice: Câu bị động Present simple Active + S + Vs ,es + O S + Vzero + O – S + do / does not + Vinf + O . ? Wh + do /does + S + Vinf + O Passive Wh+S(o)+is/am/are( not)+VpII Present Continuous Wh + S + is (not )+ Ving + O-> Wh + S(o) + is + being + VpII am are Present perfect Wh + S + have + VpII -> Wh + S(o) + have + been VpII has Past Simple Active + S + VED + O . – S + didn’t + V inf + O . ? ( Wh) + Did + S + Vinf + O ? Passive Wh +S(O) + was (not)+ VpII were Near future. Wh + S + is + going +to V + O am are Wh + S(o) is + going +tobe+VpII am are Modal Verbs Động từ khiếm khuyết S + MODAL VERBS ( not ) +be + VPII Can Could Should May Might Must Ought to : nên Had better: nên Would Will Shall
X . Present Perfect. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành 1. Use: + to express an unfinished action ( một hành động dang dở ) +to express an experience. ( một kinh nghiệm ) + to express an action which has just happened in the past but the time is not important. * Dấu hiệu nhận biết: since, for, not….yet, ….yet? , lately = recently( gần đây ) , so far = since then = up to now ( từ đó đến nay ), just( vừa mới ) , already( rồi) , never , ever , it is the first ( second …) time XI . Do / Would you mind…………….? + Do you mind + Ving ……? -> a polite request. Would you mind + Ving ….? + Do you mind if I + Vzero ………? -> a polite permission Would you mind if + I + Ved ……? = May / Can I + Vinf ………? XII. Present participle/past participle Present participle ( Ving ) It is used as an Adj to modify a N ( active ) Ex . The tiger killing the hunter is very big Past participle ( VpII ) It is used as an Adj to modify a N ( passive ) Ex. The tiger killed by the hunter is very big .
It is used to express a complaint . Ex . He is always talking in the class ! You are always making noisy when I sleep well! XIV. How to pronounce the ending “ed” and “s” & “es” Phát âm –ed và -s “ed” / id / : Tận cùng là các âm : / t / & / d / / t / : Tận cùng là các âm : / s / , / f / , / p / , / k / , / tS / , / S / Ex : laughed , washed , watched , danced / d / : Trường hợp còn lại . Ex : raised , used , studied ……….. “s” & “es ” – / iz / : Tận cùng là các âm : / s / ; /S/ ; / z / ; / tS / ; / dz/ Ex : buses ; houses ; places ; couches ; oranges ; boxes…… / s / : Tận cùng là các âm : / p / ; / k / / t / ; / f / / z / : Trường hợp còn lại. XV : Reported speech . Câu tường thuật 1 . Direct : Present simple -> Indirect : Past simple + S + Ves, s / Vzero. -> S said S + Ved ……. – S + don’t / doesn’t + Vinf.-> S said/ told (to O that) S didn’t Vinf Do / Does + S + Vinf …? -> S asked + O if / whether S +Ved…… Wh + do/does + S + Vinf ..? -> S asked + O Wh + S + Ved ………. 2 . Direct : Past simple -> Indirect : Past simple + S + Ved . -> S said S + Ved ……. – S + didn’t + Vinf.-> S said/ told (to O that) S didn’t Vinf Did + S + Vinf …? -> S asked + O if / whether S +Ved. Wh + did + S + Vinf ..? -> S asked + O Wh + S + Ved . 3. Present Continuous…. -> Past Continuous S + is (not )+ Ving + O -> S said S + was ( not )+ Ving . am were are is / am / are + S + Ving ? -> S asked +O if /whether S + was/were + Ving . Wh + is / am/are +S + Ving ? -> S + asked O Wh + S + was / were + Ving. 4. Present perfect -> Past Perfect S + have (not ) + VpII . -> S said + S+ had+ VpII. has Have / has + S + VpII ? -> S asked O if/ whether S + had + VpII. Wh + have / has + S + VpII ? S asked Wh + S + had + VpII . 5. Will / Shall -> Would 6. Can -> Could 7. Must -> Had to 8. Is / am / are going to -> was / were going to 9.May -> Might
đây nha bạn
I . TOO / ENOUGH : Quá … không thể …
*S + Be + TOO + ADJ + ( for +O ) + To + V .
* S+ V + TOO +ADV + ( for+ O ) + To + V .
*S+ Be +( NOT ) + ENOUGH + ADJ+ ( for + O ) + To + V . Đủ … để
*S+ V + (NOT ) + ENOUGH+ ADV + ( for + O ) + To +V.
II. So ……That : Such …….That : Quá ……….đến nỗi mà …….
*SO + ADJ / ADV + That + Clause .
*SUCH + ( a , an ) + ADJ + N + That Clause .
III. REFLECTIVE PRONOUNS : Đại từ phản thân
I -> Myself
We -> Ourselves
You -> Yourself / yourselves
They -> Themselves
She -> Herself
He -> Himself
It -> Itself
IV . MODAL VERBS : Động từ kiếm khuyết
S + MODAL VERBS ( not ) + Vinf without “To ”
Can
Could
Should
May
Might
Must
Ought to : nên
Had better: nên
Would
V. USED TO / BE USED TO
1.S + USED TO + V : Đã từng làm gì trong quá khứ
2. S + BE USED TO + VING / N : Quen ( trở nên quen ) làm gì đó
VI . DEMANDs : CÂU RA LỆNH
* V + ( Please ) .
* DON’T + V + ( Please )
VII . REPORTED SPEECH : Câu tường thuật
1.Polite requests
– “ CAN / COULD / WOULD / WILL + YOU + ( Please ) + Vinf ……? ”
– “ V + Please ”.
– “ DON’T + V + Please ”
->Reported speech :
S + ASKED + O + ( not ) + to + V.
TOLD
REQUESTED
2. Advice :Lời khuyên
“ S + should / ought to / had better (not ) ………..”
->REPORTED SPEECH
– S + Advised + O + (not ) to V.
– S + Said ( to O ) That S (o ) should / ought to / had better….
VII. So as / In order for purpose :Chỉ mục đích
So as ( not ) to V = In order ( not ) to V : Để ( không )
VIII . GERUNDS . Danh động từ
S + V + GERUND(Ving).
Love
Like ( Dislike )
Enjoy
Hate
Prefer
Start( Begin)
Stop / Finish
Practice
Remember : nhớ đã làm gì trong qkhứ
Try : thử # Try + to V : cố gắng
Mind : phiền lòng
IX . Passive voice: Câu bị động
Present simple
Active
+ S + Vs ,es + O
S + Vzero + O
– S + do / does not + Vinf + O .
? Wh + do /does + S + Vinf + O
Passive
Wh+S(o)+is/am/are( not)+VpII
Present Continuous
Wh + S + is (not )+ Ving + O-> Wh + S(o) + is + being + VpII
am
are
Present perfect
Wh + S + have + VpII -> Wh + S(o) + have + been VpII
has
Past Simple
Active
+ S + VED + O .
– S + didn’t + V inf + O .
? ( Wh) + Did + S + Vinf + O ?
Passive
Wh +S(O) + was (not)+ VpII
were
Near future.
Wh + S + is + going +to V + O
am
are
Wh + S(o) is + going +tobe+VpII
am
are
Modal Verbs Động từ khiếm khuyết
S + MODAL VERBS ( not ) +be + VPII
Can
Could
Should
May
Might
Must
Ought to : nên
Had better: nên
Would
Will
Shall
X . Present Perfect. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành
1. Use: + to express an unfinished action ( một hành động dang dở )
+to express an experience. ( một kinh nghiệm )
+ to express an action which has just happened in the past but the time is not important.
* Dấu hiệu nhận biết: since, for, not….yet, ….yet? , lately = recently( gần đây ) , so far = since then = up to now ( từ đó đến nay ), just( vừa mới ) , already( rồi) , never , ever , it is the first ( second …) time
XI . Do / Would you mind…………….?
+ Do you mind + Ving ……? -> a polite request.
Would you mind + Ving ….?
+ Do you mind if I + Vzero ………? -> a polite permission
Would you mind if + I + Ved ……?
= May / Can I + Vinf ………?
XII. Present participle/past participle
Present participle ( Ving )
It is used as an Adj to modify a N ( active )
Ex . The tiger killing the hunter is very big
Past participle ( VpII )
It is used as an Adj to modify a N ( passive )
Ex. The tiger killed by the hunter is very big .
It is used to express a complaint .
Ex . He is always talking in the class !
You are always making noisy when I sleep well!
XIV. How to pronounce the ending “ed” and “s” & “es” Phát âm –ed và -s
“ed”
/ id / : Tận cùng là các âm : / t / & / d /
/ t / : Tận cùng là các âm : / s / , / f / , / p / , / k / , / tS / , / S /
Ex : laughed , washed , watched , danced
/ d / : Trường hợp còn lại .
Ex : raised , used , studied ………..
“s” & “es ”
– / iz / : Tận cùng là các âm : / s / ; /S/ ; / z / ; / tS / ; / dz/
Ex : buses ; houses ; places ; couches ; oranges ; boxes……
/ s / : Tận cùng là các âm : / p / ; / k / / t / ; / f /
/ z / : Trường hợp còn lại.
XV : Reported speech . Câu tường thuật
1 . Direct : Present simple -> Indirect : Past simple
+ S + Ves, s / Vzero. -> S said S + Ved …….
– S + don’t / doesn’t + Vinf.-> S said/ told (to O that) S didn’t Vinf
Do / Does + S + Vinf …? -> S asked + O if / whether S +Ved……
Wh + do/does + S + Vinf ..? -> S asked + O Wh + S + Ved ……….
2 . Direct : Past simple -> Indirect : Past simple
+ S + Ved . -> S said S + Ved …….
– S + didn’t + Vinf.-> S said/ told (to O that) S didn’t Vinf
Did + S + Vinf …? -> S asked + O if / whether S +Ved.
Wh + did + S + Vinf ..? -> S asked + O Wh + S + Ved .
3. Present Continuous…. -> Past Continuous
S + is (not )+ Ving + O -> S said S + was ( not )+ Ving .
am were
are
is / am / are + S + Ving ? -> S asked +O if /whether S + was/were + Ving .
Wh + is / am/are +S + Ving ? -> S + asked O Wh + S + was / were + Ving.
4. Present perfect -> Past Perfect
S + have (not ) + VpII . -> S said + S+ had+ VpII.
has
Have / has + S + VpII ? -> S asked O if/ whether S + had + VpII.
Wh + have / has + S + VpII ? S asked Wh + S + had + VpII .
5. Will / Shall -> Would
6. Can -> Could
7. Must -> Had to
8. Is / am / are going to -> was / were going to
9.May -> Might