Cho 20g Zn vào bình chứa 100g dd HCl 36,5%. Hãy tính A, VH2(đktc) thu được B, C% dd sau phản ứng 17/10/2021 Bởi Reese Cho 20g Zn vào bình chứa 100g dd HCl 36,5%. Hãy tính A, VH2(đktc) thu được B, C% dd sau phản ứng
Đáp án: $a,V_{H_2}=6,72l.$ $b,C\%_{ZnCl_2}=34,17\%$ $⇒C\%_{HCl}(dư)=12.23\%$ Giải thích các bước giải: $a,PTPƯ:Zn+2HCl→ZnCl_2+H_2↑$ $n_{Zn}=\dfrac{20}{65}=0,3mol.$ $m_{HC}=100.36,5\%=36,5g.$ $⇒n_{HCl}=\dfrac{36,5}{36,5}=1mol.$ $\text{Lập tỉ lệ:}$ $\dfrac{0,3}{1}<\dfrac{1}{2}$ $⇒n_{HCl}$ $dư.$ $\text{⇒Tính theo}$ $n_{Zn}$ $Theo$ $pt:$ $n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,3mol.$ $⇒V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72l.$ $b,Theo$ $pt:$ $n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,3mol.$ $⇒m_{ZnCl_2}=0,3.136=40,8g.$ $⇒m_{H_2}=0,3.2=0,6g.$ $⇒n_{HCl}(dư)=1-\dfrac{0,3.2}{1}=0,4mol.$ $⇒m_{HCl}(dư)=0,4.36,5=14,6g.$ $⇒m_{ddZnCl_2}=20+100-0,6=119,4g.$ $⇒C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{40,8}{119,4}.100\%=34,17\%$ $⇒C\%_{HCl}(dư)=\dfrac{14,6}{119,4}.100\%=12.23\%$ chúc bạn học tốt! Bình luận
$n_{Zn}=20/65=0,31mol$ $m_{HCl}=100.36,5\%=36,5g$ $⇒n_{HCl}=36,5/36,5=1mol$ $PTHH :$ $Zn + 2HCl\to ZnCl_2+H_2↑$ $\text{a/Theo pt : 1 mol 2 mol}$ $\text{Theo đbài : 0,31mol 1 mol}$ $\text{⇒Sau pư HCl dư }$ $⇒n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,31mol$ $⇒V_{H_2}=0,31.22,4=6,944l$ $\text{c/Theo pt :}$ $n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,31mol$ $⇒m_{ZnCl_2}=0,31.136=42,16g$ $m_{H_2}=0,31.2=0,62g$ $n_{HCl pư}=2.n_{Zn}=2.0,31=0,62mol$ $⇒n_{HCl dư}=1-0,62=0,38mol$ $⇒m_{HCl dư}=0,38.36,5=13,87g$ $⇒m_{\text{dd ZnCl_2}}=20+100-0,62=119,38g$ $⇒C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{42,16}{119,38}.100\%=35,31\%$ $C\%_{HCl dư}=\dfrac{13,87}{119,4}.100\%=11,61\%$ Bình luận
Đáp án:
$a,V_{H_2}=6,72l.$
$b,C\%_{ZnCl_2}=34,17\%$
$⇒C\%_{HCl}(dư)=12.23\%$
Giải thích các bước giải:
$a,PTPƯ:Zn+2HCl→ZnCl_2+H_2↑$
$n_{Zn}=\dfrac{20}{65}=0,3mol.$
$m_{HC}=100.36,5\%=36,5g.$
$⇒n_{HCl}=\dfrac{36,5}{36,5}=1mol.$
$\text{Lập tỉ lệ:}$
$\dfrac{0,3}{1}<\dfrac{1}{2}$
$⇒n_{HCl}$ $dư.$
$\text{⇒Tính theo}$ $n_{Zn}$
$Theo$ $pt:$ $n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,3mol.$
$⇒V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72l.$
$b,Theo$ $pt:$ $n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,3mol.$
$⇒m_{ZnCl_2}=0,3.136=40,8g.$
$⇒m_{H_2}=0,3.2=0,6g.$
$⇒n_{HCl}(dư)=1-\dfrac{0,3.2}{1}=0,4mol.$
$⇒m_{HCl}(dư)=0,4.36,5=14,6g.$
$⇒m_{ddZnCl_2}=20+100-0,6=119,4g.$
$⇒C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{40,8}{119,4}.100\%=34,17\%$
$⇒C\%_{HCl}(dư)=\dfrac{14,6}{119,4}.100\%=12.23\%$
chúc bạn học tốt!
$n_{Zn}=20/65=0,31mol$
$m_{HCl}=100.36,5\%=36,5g$
$⇒n_{HCl}=36,5/36,5=1mol$
$PTHH :$
$Zn + 2HCl\to ZnCl_2+H_2↑$
$\text{a/Theo pt : 1 mol 2 mol}$
$\text{Theo đbài : 0,31mol 1 mol}$
$\text{⇒Sau pư HCl dư }$
$⇒n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,31mol$
$⇒V_{H_2}=0,31.22,4=6,944l$
$\text{c/Theo pt :}$
$n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,31mol$
$⇒m_{ZnCl_2}=0,31.136=42,16g$
$m_{H_2}=0,31.2=0,62g$
$n_{HCl pư}=2.n_{Zn}=2.0,31=0,62mol$
$⇒n_{HCl dư}=1-0,62=0,38mol$
$⇒m_{HCl dư}=0,38.36,5=13,87g$
$⇒m_{\text{dd ZnCl_2}}=20+100-0,62=119,38g$
$⇒C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{42,16}{119,38}.100\%=35,31\%$
$C\%_{HCl dư}=\dfrac{13,87}{119,4}.100\%=11,61\%$