P = $\frac{x^2 – √x}{x + √x + 1}$ – $\frac{2x+ √x}{√x}$ + $\frac{2.(x-1)}{√x-1}$
a, rút gọn , nêu đkxd
b, tìm x để P = 3/4
c, tìm min P
d, tìm x để biểu thức Q = 4√x/2P nhận giá trị nguyên
P = $\frac{x^2 – √x}{x + √x + 1}$ – $\frac{2x+ √x}{√x}$ + $\frac{2.(x-1)}{√x-1}$
a, rút gọn , nêu đkxd
b, tìm x để P = 3/4
c, tìm min P
d, tìm x để biểu thức Q = 4√x/2P nhận giá trị nguyên
Đáp án:
$\begin{array}{l}
a)Dkxd:x > 0;x \ne 1\\
P = \frac{{{x^2} – \sqrt x }}{{x + \sqrt x + 1}} – \frac{{2x + \sqrt x }}{{\sqrt x }} + \frac{{2\left( {x – 1} \right)}}{{\sqrt x – 1}}\\
= \frac{{\sqrt x \left( {x\sqrt x – 1} \right)}}{{x + \sqrt x + 1}} – \frac{{\sqrt x \left( {2\sqrt x + 1} \right)}}{{\sqrt x }} + \frac{{2\left( {\sqrt x – 1} \right)\left( {\sqrt x + 1} \right)}}{{\sqrt x – 1}}\\
= \frac{{\sqrt x \left( {\sqrt x – 1} \right)\left( {x + \sqrt x + 1} \right)}}{{x + \sqrt x + 1}} – \left( {2\sqrt x + 1} \right) + 2\left( {\sqrt x + 1} \right)\\
= \sqrt x \left( {\sqrt x – 1} \right) – 2\sqrt x – 1 + 2\sqrt x + 2\\
= x – \sqrt x + 1\\
b)x > 0;x \ne 1\\
P = \frac{3}{4}\\
\Rightarrow x – \sqrt x + 1 = \frac{3}{4}\\
\Rightarrow x – \sqrt x + \frac{1}{4} = 0\\
\Rightarrow {\left( {\sqrt x } \right)^2} – 2.\sqrt x .\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} = 0\\
\Rightarrow {\left( {\sqrt x – \frac{1}{2}} \right)^2} = 0\\
\Rightarrow \sqrt x = \frac{1}{2}\\
\Rightarrow x = \frac{1}{4}\left( {tmdk} \right)\\
c)P = x – \sqrt x + 1\\
= {\left( {\sqrt x – \frac{1}{2}} \right)^2} + \frac{3}{4} \ge \frac{3}{4}\forall x > 0;x \ne 1\\
\Rightarrow Min:P = \frac{3}{4} \Leftrightarrow x = \frac{1}{4}\\
d)\\
Q = \frac{{4\sqrt x }}{{2\left( {x – \sqrt x + 1} \right)}} = \frac{{2\sqrt x }}{{x – \sqrt x + 1}}\\
\Rightarrow Q.x – Q.\sqrt x + Q = 2\sqrt x \left( {Q > 0} \right)\\
\Rightarrow Q.x – \left( {Q + 2} \right).\sqrt x + Q = 0\\
\Rightarrow \Delta \ge 0\\
\Rightarrow {\left( {Q + 2} \right)^2} – 4{Q^2} \ge 0\\
\Rightarrow – 3{Q^2} + 4Q + 4 \ge 0\\
\Rightarrow {Q^2} – \frac{4}{3}Q – \frac{4}{3} \le 0\\
\Rightarrow \left( {Q – 2} \right)\left( {Q + \frac{2}{3}} \right) \le 0\\
\Rightarrow 0 < Q \le 2
\end{array}$
Q nguyên chỉ có 2 giá trị Q=1 hoặc Q=2
$\begin{array}{l}
+ Khi:Q = 1\\
\Rightarrow x – 3\sqrt x + 1 = 0\\
\Rightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}
\sqrt x = \frac{{3 + \sqrt 5 }}{2} \Rightarrow x = \frac{{7 + 3\sqrt 5 }}{2}\\
\sqrt x = \frac{{3 – \sqrt 5 }}{2} \Rightarrow x = \frac{{7 – 3\sqrt 5 }}{2}
\end{array} \right.\\
+ Khi:Q = 2\\
\Rightarrow 2x – 4\sqrt x + 2 = 0\\
\Rightarrow x – 2\sqrt x + 1 = 0\\
\Rightarrow {\left( {\sqrt x – 1} \right)^2} = 0\\
\Rightarrow \sqrt x = 1\\
\Rightarrow x = 1\left( {ktm} \right)
\end{array}$
Vậy có 2 giá trị của x để Q nguyên.