Phân tích đa thức sau thành nhân tử chung :
a) $x^{3}$ – $3x^{2}$ + 1 – 3x
b) $(a^{2}$ + $1^{2}$ )^2 – 4a^2
c) $x^{3}$ – 3$x^{2}$ – 4x + 12
d) x( x + y ) – 5x – 5y
e) $x^{2}$ – $y^{2}$ – 2xy + $y^{2}$
f) $x^{2}$ – $y^{2}$ + 4 – 4x
Phân tích đa thức sau thành nhân tử chung :
a) $x^{3}$ – $3x^{2}$ + 1 – 3x
b) $(a^{2}$ + $1^{2}$ )^2 – 4a^2
c) $x^{3}$ – 3$x^{2}$ – 4x + 12
d) x( x + y ) – 5x – 5y
e) $x^{2}$ – $y^{2}$ – 2xy + $y^{2}$
f) $x^{2}$ – $y^{2}$ + 4 – 4x
TL:
$a) x^3 – 3x^2 + 1 – 3x = x^2 ( 1 – 3x ) + ( 1 – 3 ) = ( 1 – 3x ) ( x^2 + 1 )$
$b) ( x^2 – 1^2 )^2 – 4a^2 = ( a^2 + 1 )^2 – 4a^2 = ( 1-a^2) ( 3a^2 + 1 )$
$c) x^3 – 3x^2 – 4x + 12 = x^2 ( x – 3 ) – 4 ( x – 3 ) = ( x – 2 )( x + 2 )(x – 3 )$
$d) x( x + y ) – 5x – 5y = x (x + y ) – 5 (x + y) = (x + y)(x – 5)$
$e) x^2 – y^2 -2xy + y^2 = x^2 – 2xy + y^2 – y^2$
$= ( x – y )^2 – y^2 = ( x – y – y ) ( x – y + y ) = x(x-2y)$
$ f) x^2 – y^2 + 4 – 4x = ( x^2 – 4x + 4 ) – y^2 = ( x – y -2 ) ( x + y – 2 ) $
Đáp án:
Giải thích các bước giải:
a/ $x^3-3x^2+1-3x$
$=x^3+x^2-4x^2-4x+x+1$
$=x^2(x+1)-4x(x+1)+(x+1)$
$=(x+1)(x^2-4x+1)$
$=(x+1)(x^2-4x+4-3)$
$=(x+1)[(x-2)^2-3]$
$=(x+1)(x-2-\sqrt{3})(x-2+\sqrt{3})$
b/ $(a^2+1)^2-4a^2$
$=(a^2+1)^2-(2a)^2$
$=(a^2+1-2a)(a^2+1+2a)$
c/ $x^3-3x^2-4x+12$
$=x^2(x-3)-4(x-3)$
$=(x-3)(x^2-4)$
$=(x-3)(x-2)(x+2)$
d/ $x(x+y)-5x-5y$
$=x(x+y)-5(x+y)$
$=(x+y)(x-5)$
e/ $x^2-y^2-2xy+y^2$
$=(x^2-2xy+y^2)-y^2$
$=(x-y)^2-y^2$
$=(x-y-y)(x-y+y)$
$=x(x-2y)$
f/ $x^2-y^2+4-4x$
$=(x^2-4x+4)-y^2$
$=(x-2)^2-y^2$
$=(x-2-y)(x-2+y)$
$=(x-y-2)(x+y-2)$
Chúc bạn học tốt !!!