5. Viết các ptpứ thực hiện dãy chuyển đổi sau:
1) Ca > CaO > Ca(OH)2 > CaCl2 > Ca(NO3)2 > CaCO3
2) FeO > FeCl2 > Fe(OH)2 > FeO > FeSO4 > BaSO4
3) MgO > MgSO4 > Mg(OH)2 > MgO > MgCl2 > Mg(NO3)2
4) Al > Al2O3 > AlCl3 > Al(OH)3 > Al2O3 > Al2(SO4)3 > AlCl3 > Al(NO3)3
5) Fe > FeCl2 > Fe(NO3)2 > Fe(OH)2 > FeO > Fe > FeSO4 > Fe > Cu
6) CuO > Cu(NO3)2 > Cu(OH)2 > CuO > CuCl2 > Cu(NO3)2
7) Fe2O3 > Fe2(SO4)3 > Fe(OH)3 > Fe2O3 > FeCl3 > Fe(OH)3
8) Fe > FeCl3 > Fe(OH)3 > Fe2(SO4)3 > Fe(NO3)3 > Fe(OH)3 > Fe(NO3)3
9) Al2O3 > AlCl3 > Al(OH)3 > Al2O3 > Al2(SO4)3 > BaSO4
10) S > SO2 > SO3 > H2SO4 > CuSO4 > BaSO4
11) Na > Na2O > NaOH > NaHCO3 > Na2CO3 > Na2SO4
Đáp án:
Bạn tham khảo lời giải ở dưới nhé!!!
Giải thích các bước giải:
1,
\(\begin{array}{l}
Ca + \dfrac{1}{2}{O_2} \to CaO\\
CaO + {H_2}O \to Ca{(OH)_2}\\
Ca{(OH)_2} + 2HCl \to CaC{l_2} + 2{H_2}O\\
CaC{l_2} + 2AgN{O_3} \to Ca{(N{O_3})_2} + 2AgCl\\
Ca{(N{O_3})_2} + N{a_2}C{O_3} \to CaC{O_3} + 2NaN{O_3}
\end{array}\)
2,
\(\begin{array}{l}
FeO + 2HCl \to FeC{l_2} + {H_2}O\\
FeC{l_2} + 2NaOH \to Fe{(OH)_2} + 2NaCl\\
Fe{(OH)_2} \to FeO + {H_2}O\\
FeO + {H_2}S{O_4} \to FeS{O_4} + {H_2}O\\
FeS{O_4} + BaC{l_2} \to BaS{O_4} + FeC{l_2}
\end{array}\)
3,
\(\begin{array}{l}
MgO + {H_2}S{O_4} \to MgS{O_4} + {H_2}O\\
MgS{O_4} + 2NaOH \to N{a_2}S{O_4} + Mg{(OH)_2}\\
Mg{(OH)_2} \to MgO + {H_2}O\\
MgO + 2HCl \to MgC{l_2} + {H_2}O\\
MgC{l_2} + 2AgN{O_3} \to Mg{(N{O_3})_2} + 2AgCl
\end{array}\)
4,
\(\begin{array}{l}
4Al + 3{O_2} \to 2A{l_2}{O_3}\\
A{l_2}{O_3} + 6HCl \to 2AlC{l_3} + 3{H_2}O\\
AlC{l_3} + 3NaOH \to Al{(OH)_3} + 3NaCl\\
2Al{(OH)_3} \to A{l_2}{O_3} + 3{H_2}O\\
A{l_2}{O_3} + 3{H_2}S{O_4} \to A{l_2}{(S{O_4})_3} + 3{H_2}O\\
A{l_2}{(S{O_4})_3} + 3BaC{l_2} \to 3BaS{O_4} + 2AlC{l_3}\\
AlC{l_3} + 3AgN{O_3} \to Al{(N{O_3})_3} + 3AgCl
\end{array}\)
5,
\(\begin{array}{l}
Fe + 2HCl \to FeC{l_2} + {H_2}\\
FeC{l_2} + 2AgN{O_3} \to Fe{(N{O_3})_2} + 2AgCl\\
Fe{(N{O_3})_2} + 2NaOH \to Fe{(OH)_2} + 2NaN{O_3}\\
Fe{(OH)_2} \to FeO + {H_2}O\\
FeO + {H_2} \to Fe + {H_2}O\\
Fe + {H_2}S{O_4} \to FeS{O_4} + {H_2}\\
FeS{O_4} + Zn \to ZnS{O_4} + Fe\\
CuS{O_4} + Fe \to FeS{O_4} + Cu
\end{array}\)
6,
\(\begin{array}{l}
CuO + 2HN{O_3} \to Cu{(N{O_3})_2} + {H_2}O\\
Cu{(N{O_3})_2} + 2NaOH \to Cu{(OH)_2} + 2NaN{O_3}\\
Cu{(OH)_2} \to CuO + {H_2}O\\
CuO + 2HCl \to CuC{l_2} + {H_2}O\\
CuC{l_2} + 2AgN{O_3} \to Cu{(N{O_3})_2} + 2AgCl
\end{array}\)
7,
\(\begin{array}{l}
F{e_2}{O_3} + 3{H_2}S{O_4} \to F{e_2}{(S{O_4})_3} + 3{H_2}O\\
F{e_2}{(S{O_4})_3} + 6NaOH \to 3N{a_2}S{O_4} + 2Fe{(OH)_3}\\
2Fe{(OH)_3} \to F{e_2}{O_3} + 3{H_2}O\\
F{e_2}{O_3} + 6HCl \to 2FeC{l_3} + 3{H_2}O\\
FeC{l_3} + 3NaOH \to Fe{(OH)_3} + 3NaCl\\
Fe{(OH)_3} + 3HN{O_3} \to Fe{(N{O_3})_3} + 3{H_2}O
\end{array}\)
8,
\(\begin{array}{l}
2Fe + 3C{l_2} \to 2FeC{l_3}\\
FeC{l_3} + 3NaOH \to Fe{(OH)_3} + 3NaCl\\
2Fe{(OH)_3} + 3{H_2}S{O_4} \to F{e_2}{(S{O_4})_3} + 6{H_2}O\\
F{e_2}{(S{O_4})_3} + 3Ba{(N{O_3})_2} \to 2Fe{(N{O_3})_3} + 3BaS{O_4}\\
Fe{(N{O_3})_3} + 3NaOH \to Fe{(OH)_3} + 3NaN{O_3}\\
Fe{(OH)_3} + 3HN{O_3} \to Fe{(N{O_3})_3} + 3{H_2}O
\end{array}\)
9,
\(\begin{array}{l}
A{l_2}{O_3} + 6HCl \to 2AlC{l_3} + 3{H_2}O\\
AlC{l_3} + 3NaOH \to Al{(OH)_3} + 3NaCl\\
2Al{(OH)_3} \to A{l_2}{O_3} + 3{H_2}O\\
A{l_2}{O_3} + 3{H_2}S{O_4} \to A{l_2}{(S{O_4})_3} + 3{H_2}O\\
A{l_2}{(S{O_4})_3} + 3BaC{l_2} \to 3BaS{O_4} + 2AlC{l_3}
\end{array}\)
10,
\(\begin{array}{l}
S + {O_2} \to S{O_2}\\
S{O_2} + \dfrac{1}{2}{O_2} \to S{O_3}\\
S{O_3} + {H_2}O \to {H_2}S{O_4}\\
CuO + {H_2}S{O_4} \to CuS{O_4} + {H_2}O\\
CuS{O_4} + BaC{l_2} \to BaS{O_4} + CuC{l_2}
\end{array}\)
11,
\(\begin{array}{l}
2Na + \dfrac{1}{2}{O_2} \to N{a_2}O\\
N{a_2}O + {H_2}O \to 2NaOH\\
NaOH + C{O_2} \to NaHC{O_3}\\
NaHC{O_3} + NaOH \to N{a_2}C{O_3} + {H_2}O\\
N{a_2}C{O_3} + {H_2}S{O_4} \to N{a_2}S{O_4} + C{O_2} + {H_2}O
\end{array}\)