chuỗi phản ứng
1/ Nhôm cacbua => CH4 => C2H2 => C2H4 => C2H5Cl => C2H5OH => C2H4 => C2H4Br2 => C2H6O2 2/ CH4=> C2H2 => C4H4 =>4H4Br2 => C4H8Br2 => C4H10O2.
3/ CaC2 => C2H2 => C6H6 => C6H5Cl => C6H5ONa => C6H5OH => C6H2OH(NO2)3
4/ C6H11CH3 => C6H5CH3 => C6H5CH2Cl => C6H5CH2OH => C6H5CHO => C6H5COOH => C6H5COOK
Giải thích các bước giải:
1,
\(\begin{array}{l}
A{l_4}{C_3} + 12HCl \to 4AlC{l_3} + 3C{H_4}\\
2C{H_4} \to {C_2}{H_2} + 2{H_2}\\
{C_2}{H_2} + {H_2} \to {C_2}{H_4}\\
{C_2}{H_4} + HCl \to {C_2}{H_5}Cl\\
{C_2}{H_5}Cl + NaOH \to {C_2}{H_5}OH + NaCl\\
{C_2}{H_5}OH \to {C_2}{H_4} + {H_2}O\\
{C_2}{H_4} + B{r_2} \to {C_2}{H_4}B{r_2}\\
{C_2}{H_4}B{r_2} + 2{H_2}O \to {C_2}{H_6}{O_2} + 2HBr
\end{array}\)
2,
\(\begin{array}{l}
2C{H_4} \to {C_2}{H_2} + 2{H_2}\\
2{C_2}{H_2} \to {C_4}{H_4}\\
{C_4}{H_8}B{r_2} + 2NaOH \to {C_4}{H_{10}}{O_2} + 2NaBr
\end{array}\)
3,
\(\begin{array}{l}
Ca{C_2} + 2{H_2}O \to {C_2}{H_2} + Ca{(OH)_2}\\
3{C_2}{H_2} \to {C_6}{H_6}\\
{C_6}{H_6} + C{l_2} \to {C_6}{H_5}Cl + HCl\\
{C_6}{H_5}Cl + NaOH \to {C_6}{H_5}OH + NaCl\\
{C_6}{H_5}OH + 3HN{O_3} \to {C_6}{H_2}OH{(N{O_2})_3} + 3{H_2}O
\end{array}\)
4,
\(\begin{array}{l}
{C_6}{H_{11}}C{H_3} \to {C_6}{H_5}C{H_3} + 3{H_2}\\
{C_6}{H_5}C{H_3} + C{l_2} \to {C_6}{H_5}C{H_2}Cl + HCl\\
{C_6}{H_5}C{H_2}Cl + {H_2}O \to {C_6}{H_5}C{H_2}OH + HCl\\
{C_6}{H_5}C{H_2}OH + CuO \to {C_6}{H_5}CHO + Cu + {H_2}O\\
2{C_6}{H_5}CHO + {H_2}O \to {C_6}{H_5}{\rm{COOH + }}{{\rm{C}}_6}{H_5}C{H_2}OH\\
{C_6}{H_5}{\rm{COOH + }}K \to {C_6}{H_5}{\rm{COO}}K + \dfrac{1}{2}{H_2}
\end{array}\)