tìm các số nguyen x,y không nhỏ hơn 2 sao cho xy-1 chia hết cho (x-1)(y-1) 09/08/2021 Bởi aikhanh tìm các số nguyen x,y không nhỏ hơn 2 sao cho xy-1 chia hết cho (x-1)(y-1)
xy−1=x(y−1)+x−1⋮(x−1)xy−1=y(x−1)+y−1⋮(y−1)⇔x(y−1)⋮x−1y(x−1)⋮y−1⇒y−1⋮x−1x−1⋮y−1⇔x−1=y−1⇔x=y{xy−1=x(y−1)+x−1⋮(x−1)xy−1=y(x−1)+y−1⋮(y−1)⇔{x(y−1)⋮x−1y(x−1)⋮y−1⇒{y−1⋮x−1x−1⋮y−1⇔x−1=y−1⇔x=y Thay vào ta được x2−1⋮(x−1)2⇔(x−1)(x+1)⋮(x−1)2⇔x+1⋮x−1x2−1⋮(x−1)2⇔(x−1)(x+1)⋮(x−1)2⇔x+1⋮x−1 Đặt x+1=k(x−1)x+1=k(x−1) ta có (x−1)(k−1)=2 Bình luận
Lời giải: Ta thấy: 2xy−1⋮(x−1)(y−1)2xy−1⋮(x−1)(y−1) ⇒⎧⎩⎨2xy−1⋮x−12xy−1⋮y−1⇔⎧⎩⎨2y(x−1)+2y−1⋮x−12x(y−1)+2x−1⋮y−1⇒{2xy−1⋮x−12xy−1⋮y−1⇔{2y(x−1)+2y−1⋮x−12x(y−1)+2x−1⋮y−1 ⇔⎧⎩⎨2y−1⋮x−12x−1⋮y−1⇔{2y−1⋮x−12x−1⋮y−1 Nếu x=yx=y thì 2x−1⋮x−1⇒2(x−1)+1⋮x−12x−1⋮x−1⇒2(x−1)+1⋮x−1 ⇒1⋮x−1⇒x−1=±1⇒x=0;2⇒1⋮x−1⇒x−1=±1⇒x=0;2. Mà xx nguyên dương nên x=2⇒y=2x=2⇒y=2 Nếu x>yx>y: Vì x>y≥1x>y≥1 nên x≥2x≥2. Ta thấy: 2y−1−3(x−1)=2(y−x)+(2−x)<0⇒2y−1<3(x−1)2y−1−3(x−1)=2(y−x)+(2−x)<0⇒2y−1<3(x−1) Mà 2y−1⋮x−12y−1⋮x−1 và 2y−12y−1 lẻ nên 2y−1=x−12y−1=x−1 ⇒2x−1=2(x−1)+1=2(2y−1)+1⋮y−1⇒2x−1=2(x−1)+1=2(2y−1)+1⋮y−1 ⇔4(y−1)+3⋮y−1⇔4(y−1)+3⋮y−1 ⇒3⋮y−1⇒y−1∈{±1;±3}⇒3⋮y−1⇒y−1∈{±1;±3} ⇒⇒y\in\left\{2; 4\right\}$ ⇒x=4;x=8⇒x=4;x=8 (tương ứng) Nếu x<yx<y: Hoàn toàn tương tự Vậy………. Bình luận
xy−1=x(y−1)+x−1⋮(x−1)xy−1=y(x−1)+y−1⋮(y−1)⇔x(y−1)⋮x−1y(x−1)⋮y−1⇒y−1⋮x−1x−1⋮y−1⇔x−1=y−1⇔x=y{xy−1=x(y−1)+x−1⋮(x−1)xy−1=y(x−1)+y−1⋮(y−1)⇔{x(y−1)⋮x−1y(x−1)⋮y−1⇒{y−1⋮x−1x−1⋮y−1⇔x−1=y−1⇔x=y
Thay vào ta được x2−1⋮(x−1)2⇔(x−1)(x+1)⋮(x−1)2⇔x+1⋮x−1x2−1⋮(x−1)2⇔(x−1)(x+1)⋮(x−1)2⇔x+1⋮x−1
Đặt x+1=k(x−1)x+1=k(x−1) ta có (x−1)(k−1)=2
Lời giải:
Ta thấy: 2xy−1⋮(x−1)(y−1)2xy−1⋮(x−1)(y−1)
⇒⎧⎩⎨2xy−1⋮x−12xy−1⋮y−1⇔⎧⎩⎨2y(x−1)+2y−1⋮x−12x(y−1)+2x−1⋮y−1⇒{2xy−1⋮x−12xy−1⋮y−1⇔{2y(x−1)+2y−1⋮x−12x(y−1)+2x−1⋮y−1
⇔⎧⎩⎨2y−1⋮x−12x−1⋮y−1⇔{2y−1⋮x−12x−1⋮y−1
Nếu x=yx=y thì 2x−1⋮x−1⇒2(x−1)+1⋮x−12x−1⋮x−1⇒2(x−1)+1⋮x−1
⇒1⋮x−1⇒x−1=±1⇒x=0;2⇒1⋮x−1⇒x−1=±1⇒x=0;2. Mà xx nguyên dương nên x=2⇒y=2x=2⇒y=2
Nếu x>yx>y: Vì x>y≥1x>y≥1 nên x≥2x≥2.
Ta thấy: 2y−1−3(x−1)=2(y−x)+(2−x)<0⇒2y−1<3(x−1)2y−1−3(x−1)=2(y−x)+(2−x)<0⇒2y−1<3(x−1)
Mà 2y−1⋮x−12y−1⋮x−1 và 2y−12y−1 lẻ nên 2y−1=x−12y−1=x−1
⇒2x−1=2(x−1)+1=2(2y−1)+1⋮y−1⇒2x−1=2(x−1)+1=2(2y−1)+1⋮y−1
⇔4(y−1)+3⋮y−1⇔4(y−1)+3⋮y−1
⇒3⋮y−1⇒y−1∈{±1;±3}⇒3⋮y−1⇒y−1∈{±1;±3}
⇒⇒y\in\left\{2; 4\right\}$
⇒x=4;x=8⇒x=4;x=8 (tương ứng)
Nếu x<yx<y: Hoàn toàn tương tự
Vậy……….